Turabian / Chicago Notes and Bibliography Citation Style

Chicago A / Turabian specifies slightly different formats for footnotes or endnotes and for bibliography. Most obviously, note style gives an author's first name first while bibliography style inverts the last and first names. Extensive examples for many different publication types can be found in Turabian's Manual on pages 185 - 213, where you will find a note format indicated by "N" and a bibliography format by "B."

In the examples below, we have tried to give both note style and bibliography style for each item. The examples represent the first time an item would be cited in a particular work; see Turabian's Manual on pages 137 - 141 and 146 for subsequent note references to an item previously cited.

Turabian's Manual was last revised in 1996; since that time, the amount and quality of publications available electronically has grown exponentially. The Manual includes very few examples for citing electronic sources, with the general format being to add "Available from: [database name], accession or other identifying no."

For more comprehensive guidelines on citing electronic sources, one must consult the online version of the Chicago Manual of Style.

In general, Chicago Notes and Bibliography Style style specifies that one add the URL and (accessed month day, year) after the publication date in a citation.

We have given examples of each in bibliography format below.

• article in a scholarly journal
• article in a popular magazine
• article in a newspaper
• book or media review
  
  
• entire book
• chapter or section of a book
• article in a reference book, dictionary or encyclopedia
  
  
• published conference paper
  
  
• government document
  
  
• unpublished thesis or dissertation
  
  
• web page

Note:

notenumberAuthor First Name Author Last Name, "Article Title," Title of Journal. volume, no. # (date) : pages.

13Robert H. Brinkmeyer, "New Orleans, Mardi Gras, and Eudora Welty's the Optimist's Daughter," Mississippi Quarterly: The Journal of Southern Culture 44, no. 4 (Fall, 1991): 429-41.

Bibliography:

Author Last Name, Author First Name. "Title of Article." Title of Journal volume, no. # (date) : pages.

Brinkmeyer, Robert H. "New Orleans, Mardi Gras, and Eudora Welty's the Optimist's Daughter." Mississippi Quarterly: The Journal of Southern Culture 44, no. 4 (Fall, 1991): 429-41.

Turabian:

Brinkmeyer, Robert H. "New Orleans, Mardi Gras, and Eudora Welty's the Optimist's Daughter." Mississippi Quarterly: The Journal of Southern Culture 44, no. 4 (Fall, 1991): 429-41. Available from EBSCOhost, Academic Search Premier, accession no. 1991062898.

Chicago:

Brinkmeyer, Robert H. "New Orleans, Mardi Gras, and Eudora Welty's the Optimist's Daughter." Mississippi Quarterly: The Journal of Southern Culture 44, no. 4 (Fall, 1991): 429-41. http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx? direct=true&db=mzh&an=1991062898& loginpage=Login.asp (accessed 4/26/2006).

Note:

notenumberAuthor First Name Author Last Name, "Article Title," Title of Magazine, day Month year, pages.

13Ellen Gilchrist, "My Delta, Myself," Outside, June 1999, 70-1.

Bibliography:

Author Last Name, Author First Name. "Title of Article." Title of Magazine, day Month year, pages.

Gilchrist, Ellen. "My Delta, Myself." Outside, June 1999, 70-1.

Turabian:

Gilchrist, Ellen. "My Delta, Myself." Outside, June 1999, 70-1. Available from http:// outside.away.com /outside/ magazine/0699/9906miss.html.

Chicago:

Gilchrist, Ellen. "My Delta, Myself." Outside, June 1999, 70-1. http://outside.away.com /outside/ magazine/0699/9906 miss.html (accessed 4/26/2006).

Note (Turabian):

notenumberAuthor First Name Author Last Name, "Article Title," Title of Newspaper, Day Month Year, sec. , p. .

13James Gorman, "Deep in the Swamp, an 'Extinct' Woodpecker Lives," New York Times, 29 April 2005, sec. A, p. 18.

Note (Chicago):

notenumberAuthor First Name Author Last Name, "Article Title," Title of Newspaper, Month Day Year, [edition can be supplied if available; section numbers are more important than page numbers, but both can be supplied].

13James Gorman, "Deep in the Swamp, an 'Extinct' Woodpecker Lives," New York Times, April 29, 2005, late edition-final, sec.A.

Bibliography (Turabian):

Turabian suggests that "news items from daily papers are rarely listed separately in a bibliography" (p. 204). Instead, if one quotes extensively from a single newspaper, a citation for the entire newspaper and range of dates consulted should be provided in the bibliography.

New York Times. 29 April - 1 July 2005.

Bibliography (Chicago):

Chicago provides examples for specific newspaper stories in a bibliography.

Gorman, James. "Deep in the Swamp, an 'Extinct' Woodpecker Lives." New York Times, April 29, 2005, 2005, Late Edition - Final, sec. A.

Turabian:

New York Times. 29 April - 1 July 2005. Available from http://www.lexisnexis.com/academic.

Chicago:

Gorman, James. "Deep in the Swamp, an 'Extinct' Woodpecker Lives." New York Times, April 29, 2005. http://www.lexisnexis.com/academic (accessed April 26, 2006).

Note:

notenumberReviewer First Name Reviewer Last Name, review of Title of Work by Author's First Name Author's Last Name, Journal or Magazine Name, volume (Year or Month Year or Day Month Year): pages.

13Marc Horowitz and Josef Krebs, review of Crash by Paul Haggis, Sound & Vision, 70 (November 2005): 106.

Bibliography:

Reviewer Last Name, Reviewer First Name. Review of Title of Work Being Reviewed by Author's First Name Author's Last Name. Journal or Magazine Name volume, issue (Year or Month Year or Day Month Year): pages.

Horowitz, Marc, and Josef Krebs. Review of Crash by Paul Haggis. Sound & Vision 70, no. 9 (November 2005): 106.

Turabian:

Horowitz, Marc, and Josef Krebs. Review of Crash by Paul Haggis. Sound & Vision 70, no. 9 (November 2005): 106. Available from http:search.epnet.com.

Horowitz, Marc, and Josef Krebs. Review of Crash by Paul Haggis. Sound & Vision 70, no. 9 (November 2005): 106. http://search.epnet.com (accessed April 26, 2006).

Note:

notenumberAuthor First Name Author Last Name, Title of Book (Place: Publisher, year), page numbers.

13Robert Cochran, Our Own Sweet Sounds: A Celebration of Popular Music in Arkansas (Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 1996): 57.

Bibliography:

Author Last Name, Author First Name, Title of Book. (Place: Publisher, year), page numbers.

Donovan, Timothy, Gatewood, Willard, and Whayne, Jeannie, eds., The Governors of Arkansas, 2nd ed. (Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 1995): 58.

Turabian:

Anger, Jane, Jane Anger her Protection for Women To Defend them Against the Scandalous Reportes of a Late Surfeiting Lover... (London: Printed by Richard Iones, and Thomas Orwin, 1589). Available from: http://eebo.chadwyck.com/.

Chicago:

Anger, Jane, Jane Anger her Protection for Women To Defend them Against the Scandalous Reportes of a Late Surfeiting Lover... (London: Printed by Richard Iones, and Thomas Orwin, 1589). http://eebo.chadwyck.com/ (accessed April 26, 2006).

Note:

notenumberChapter Author First Name Chapter Author Last Name, "Title of Chapter," in Title of Book, ed. Editor First Name Editor Last Name (Place: Publisher, year), page number.

13Elliott West, "The Exhausted West: a Last Look at Landscape," in Thomas Jefferson and the Changing West: From Conquest to Conservation, ed. J.P. Rhonda (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1997), 242.

Bibliography:

Chapter Author Last Name, Chapter Author First Name. "Title of Chapter." In Title of Book, ed. Editor First Name Editor Last Name, pages of article. Place: Publisher, year.

West, Elliott. "The Exhausted West: a Last Look at Landscape." In Thomas Jefferson and the Changing West: from Conquest to Conservation, ed. J.P. Rhonda, 240-264. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1997.

Turabian:

Arnold, E. T. "Donald Harington." In Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 152: American Novelists Since World War II, Fourth Series, ed. J. Giles & W. Giles, 82-91. Detroit: The Gale Group, 1995. Available from http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itweb/ faye28748?db=LitRC.

Chicago:

Arnold, E. T. "Donald Harington." In Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 152: American Novelists Since World War II, Fourth Series, ed. J. Giles & W. Giles, 82-91. Detroit: The Gale Group, 1995. http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itweb/ faye28748?db=LitRC (accessed April 26, 2006).

Both Turabian (page 204) and Chicago (pages 715-16) specify that "well-known" reference works such as the Encyclopaedia Britannica are normally cited only in notes and not listed in a bibliography. Less famous reference works should still be listed in a bibliography.

Note :

notenumberWork Title, edition, s.v. "Entry title."

13Encyclopædia Britannica, 15th ed., s.v."Ivory-billed woodpecker."

Bibliography:

Chism, Stephen, "Lessie Stringfellow Read." In Arkansas Biography ed. Nancy Williams and Jeannie Whayne, 233-34. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 2000.

Turabian (Notes):

13Encyclopædia Britannica Online, s.v. "Ivory-billed Woodpecker." Available at: http://search.eb.com/eb/article-9043081.

Chicago (Notes):

13Encyclopædia Britannica Online, s.v. "Ivory-billed Woodpecker," http://search.eb.com/eb/article-9043081 (accessed April 26, 2006).

Note:

notenumberAuthor First Name Author last Name, "Title of Paper," in Title of Conference Proceedings, edited by Editor First Name Editor Last Name (Place: Publisher, year), page numbers.

13Randall B. Woods, "The Rhetoric of Dissent: J. William Fulbright, Vietnam, and the Crisis of International Liberalism," in Presidential Rhetoric; Critical Reflections on the Cold War Linking Rhetoric and History, 4th Annual Conference, 1988, edited by M.J. Medhurst. & H.W. Brands (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2000), 288.

Bibliography:

Author First Name Author last Name. "Title of Paper." In Title of Conference Proceedings, edited by Editor First Name Editor Last Name, pages of paper. Place: Publisher, year.

Woods, Randall B. "The Rhetoric of Dissent: J. William Fulbright, Vietnam, and the Crisis of International Liberalism." In Presidential Rhetoric; Critical Reflections on the Cold War Linking Rhetoric and History, 4th Annual Conference, 1988, edited by M.J. Medhurst. & H.W. Brands, 187-298. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2000.

Turabian:

Maness, Jack and Sarah Naper. "Hurry! Hurry! r u dum? *#%@!" Virtual Reference Desk Conference 2005. Available at: http://www.webjunction.org/do/ Navigation?category =11842.

Chicago:

Maness, Jack and Sarah Naper. "Hurry! Hurry! r u dum? *#%@!" Virtual Reference Desk Conference 2005. http://www.webjunction.org/do/ Navigation?category =11842 (accessed April 26, 2006).

Note:

notenumberCongress, Chamber, Committee Name, Title of Document, Congress, session, date or year. Document Number, if available, pages.

13Congress, House, Committee on Government Reform, Back to the Drawing Board: a First Look at Lessons Learned from Katrina : Hearing before the Committee on Government Reform, 109th Cong., 1st sess., 15 September 2005, 19.

Bibliography:

U.S. Congress. Chamber. Committee Name. Title of Document. Congress, session, date or year. Document Number, if available.

U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform. Back to the Drawing Board: a First Look at Lessons Learned from Katrina : Hearing before the Committee on Government Reform. 109th Cong., 1st sess., 15 September 2005.

Turabian:

U.S. Executive Office of the President. The Federal Response to Hurricane Katrina: Lessons Learned. 2006. (PREX 1.2:K 15. 23). Available at: http://www.whitehouse.gov/reports/katrina-lessons-learned/.

Chicago:

U.S. Executive Office of the President. The Federal Response to Hurricane Katrina: Lessons Learned. 2006. (PREX 1.2:K 15. 23). http://www.whitehouse.gov/reports/katrina-lessons-learned/ (accessed April 26, 2006).

Note:

notenumberAuthor First Name Author Last Name, "Title of Thesis" (Ph.D. diss., University Name, year), page number.

13Gary Zeller, "'If I Ain't One, You Won't Find Another One Here': Race, Identity, Citizenship, and Land, the African Creek Experience in the Indian Territory and Oklahoma, 1830-1910" (Ph.D. diss., University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, 2003), 113.

Bibliography:

Author Last Name, Author First Name. "Title of Thesis." Ph.D. diss., University Name, year.

Zeller, Gary. "'If I Ain't One, You Won't Find Another One Here': Race, Identity, Citizenship, and Land, the African Creek Experience in the Indian Territory and Oklahoma, 1830-1910." Ph.D. diss., University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, 2003.

Turabian:

Zeller, Gary. "'If I Ain't One, You Won't Find Another One Here': Race, Identity, Citizenship, and Land, the African Creek Experience in the Indian Territory and Oklahoma, 1830-1910." Ph.D. diss., University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, 2003. Available at: http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.uark.edu/ dissertations/fullcit/3122394.

Chicago:

Zeller, Gary. "'If I Ain't One, You Won't Find Another One Here': Race, Identity, Citizenship, and Land, the African Creek Experience in the Indian Territory and Oklahoma, 1830-1910." Ph.D. diss., University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, 2003. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.uark.edu/ dissertations/fullcit/3122394 (accessed April 26, 2006).

Note:

notenumberPage Author First Name Page Author Last Name or Name of Site, "Specific Page Title," page URL.

13Rock Art in Arkansas, "What is Rock Art?" http://rockart.uark.edu/qfwhatisrockart.html.

Bibliography:

Page Author Last Name, Page Author First Name (if available), "Name of Site." URL (accessed Month Day Year).

Sabo, G., et al. "Rock Art in Arkansas." http://rockart.uark.edu/ (accessed April 26, 2006).